提单的作用是什么，一起来认识

最重要的一个运输单证是提单，它是运输业中最基本的业务单证。提单(bill of lading)的作用就是在产品提交给承运人时的交货收据。承运人在收到货物时签提单并将正本留给托运人。所签署的提单正本是托运人证明承运人已接收货物的凭证。提单是一个有约束力的合同，清楚列明了承运人和托运人的责任和义务。地面运输承运人所使用的提单合同基本.上已依法标准化，且其中明确规定了托运人和承运人的责任和义务从而大大简化了运输管理者的工作。

The most important transportation document is the bill of lading, which is the most basic business document in the transportation industry.The bill of lading (bill of lading) is a delivery receipt when the product is submitted to the carrier.The carrier signs the bill of lading upon receiving the goods and leaves the original to the shipper.The original bill of lading signed is the certificate of the shipper proving that the carrier had received the goods.A bill of lading is a binding contract, clearly stating the responsibilities and obligations of the carrier and the shipper.The bill of lading contract used by the ground transport carrier is basic. It has been standardized according to law, and the responsibilities and obligations of the shippers and shippers are clearly stipulated, thus greatly simplifying the work of the transportation manager.

有两种类型的提单:记名提单和指示提单。记名提单的纸张是白色的，收货人的名字明确地记录在指定位置。承运人将货物交付给指定的收货人是承运人必须承担的法定责任。但提单中没有明确列出也不会暗示货物的所有权。指示提单的纸张是黄色的，收货人的名字没有指明。例如，假设位于华盛顿州的一家木材厂将仍未卖出的一批夹板装入货车车厢运输，它将会使用一张指示提单把货物交给柏灵顿北方铁道运输公司，柏灵顿北方铁道运输公司将把这批货物运至芝加哥。一旦找到买家，那么托运人会通过邮件将指示提单正本发往距离买方最近的银行，并.通知买家。买家会前往银行并付款，之后银行会将提单正本转给买家。买家凭提单正本前往铁道运输公司，铁道运输公司再将该车夹板交付给买家。指示提单也可用于企业对付经常拖延付款的顾客，因为指示提单保证顾客必须在付款后才能接收到货物。

There are two types of bills of lading: token bill of lading and indication bill of lading.The paper of the nominal bill of lading is white, and the consignee's name is clearly recorded in the designated location.The delivery of the carrier to the named consignee is the legal duty of the carrier.But it is not specifically listed in the bill of lading and also does not imply the ownership of the goods.The paper indicating the bill of lading was yellow, and the name of the consignee was not indicated.For example, assuming that a lumber mill in Washington State loaded a batch of splints still unsold into van cars for transportation, it would use a bill of lading to deliver goods to Burlington Northern, which would carry to Chicago.Once a buyer is found, the shipper will email the original bill of lading to the nearest bank to the buyer and. Notify the buyer.The buyer will go to the bank and pay, after which the bank transfers the original bill of lading to the buyer.The buyer went to the railway company with the original bill of lading, which delivered the splint to the buyer.Instructions for bills of lading can also be used by businesses against customers who often delay payment, because the instruction bill of lading guarantees that customers must receive the goods after payment.

根据提单特有的格式，提单又可以分为:全式提单，简式提单，预先印制提单。全式提单既可以是记名提单也可以是指示提单。在全式提单的正面包括一些标准信息，提单背面则印有托运人和承运人间的整个合同内容。单证背面的文字会非常小。由于阅读这种完整格式的合同很困难，而且考虑到在所有提单上都印上完整合同所需的印刷成本，1949年铁路运输和汽车运输承运人开始采用简单格式的提单。简式提单的正面印有如下声明:“以下履行的各项服务都将服从国内统一记名，提单的所有条款和条件。”

According to the specific format of the bill of lading, it can be divided into: full bill of lading, simple bill of lading, and bill of lading printed in advance.A full bill of lading may be either a nominal bill of lading or an indicating bill of lading.The front of the full bill of lading includes some standard information, and the back contains the entire contract between the shipper and the carrier.The text on the back of the document will be very small.Due to the difficulty to read this complete format contract, and given the printing cost to printing the complete contract on all bills of lading, in 1949 railroad and motor transport carriers began adopting bills of lading in simple format.The front of the simple bill of lading is printed with the following statement: " The following services performed will be subject to a uniform domestic notation, and to all the terms and conditions of the bill of lading.”

另外一种提单是预先印好的，既可以是全式提单，也可以是简式提单;既可以是记名提单，也可以是指示提单。从理论上说，提单是由承运人准备和发出的。但事实上，多数的托运人会购买自己的提单并预先印上他们定期交运的产品清单。托运人之所以花钱购买或印制自己的单证，是因为他们通常在通知承运人之前已准备好了单证。这种预先印制的提单可以更快地准备好，出错的可能性也降低了。例如，托运人还可以先写人正确的货物分级而不是让承运人来决定。

Another bill of lading is pre-printed, either a full or a simple bill; either a nominal or an indicative bill of lading.In theory, the bill of lading was prepared and issued by the carrier.But in fact, most shippers buy their own bills of lading and pre-print a list of products they deliver regularly.Shipers paid to purchase or print their own documents because they usually prepared them before notifying the carrier.This pre-printed bill of lading can be prepared faster and the likelihood of error is reduced.For example, the shipper can also write about the person's correct classification of goods rather than allow the carrier to decide.

有少数托运人采用自己的提单。但由于该提单中可能另外规定了一些承运人必须服从的新责任，承运人可能拒绝接受该提单。承运人被要求向驾驶员提供标签贴在提单上以表示他们的签字仅意味着他们已提货。

A few shippers have adopted their own bill of lading.But as the bill of lading may otherwise provide some new liability to which the carrier must obey, the carrier may refuse to accept it.Carrier were required to provide the driver with labels on the bill of lading to indicate that their signature only meant they had picked up the goods.

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